Byzantine Empire, Justin II & Sophia, Bronze Follis - 565 to 578 CE - Eastern Roman Empire

These large bronze coins of the early Byzantine Empire (also known as the Eastern Roman Empire) depict Emperor Justin II and Empress Sophia, seated side by side on a throne. The value is shown on the reverse, with a large letter "M" representing 40 nummi (a follis) or a letter "K" representing 20 nummi (a half follis). Justin II became Byzantine emperor in 565 CE after the death of his uncle, Justinian I. He ruled alongside his wife, Sophia, who played a key role in shaping economic and financial policies. Her influence was so significant that she became the first empress consort depicted on Byzantine coinage as an equal to her husband—an achievement reflected in the coins shown here. By 573 CE, however, Justin’s mental health began to decline, leading to episodes of “insanity.” Reports describe him as behaving like a wild animal, being wheeled around on a mobile throne, and requiring organ music to be played constantly. In 574, on Sophia’s advice, Justin adopted General Tiberius as hi